Title: |
Constrained Kalman Filter for Speech Enhancement Using Masking Threshold Property |
Authors: |
N. Uma Maheshwar, B. Nageshwarrao, B Vijay vamshi |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 01 - 08, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
The corruption of speech due to the presence of additive background noise causes severe difficulties in various communication environments. The main aim of this research work is to suppress the additive background noise in speech signal. First, traditional noise suppression methods such as spectral subtraction and standard Kalman filtering were examined. Although the spectral subtraction method improves the quality of speech, it introduces speech distortion and suffers from the musical noise artifact. In order to avoid musical noise Kalman filtering method is used. Although the Kalman filtering method has a better performance than the classical spectral subtraction method, there exists a residual noise energy which can be audible to human ear. The process of suppressing acoustic noise in speech signals can be improved by exploiting the masking properties of the human hearing system. Thus a constrained Kalman filter using masking threshold property is proposed to achieve the goal of making the residual noise energy less than the masking threshold, so that it cannot be heard while keeping the speech distortion small. The proposed method minimizes the estimation error variance under the constraint that the energy of the estimation error is smaller than a masking threshold. The performance of speech enhancement methods is compared based on formal listening tests and objective measures like Signal to Noise Ratio and Enhancement Gain for different background noise. |
Keywords: |
Kalman Filter, masking Threshold, constrained Kalman filter, Signal to Noise Ratio, Enhancement Gain. |
 |
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Optimization of Parameter for Wire Cut Electrical Discharge Machining in D2 Die Steel (Sid2) |
Authors: |
S. Ganapathy, S. Gobinath |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 09 - 16, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
Wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) is a conversion of electro discharge machining (EDM) which has been generally secondhand for visualize presage for cutting punches and dies, shaped pockets and other machine parts of electrically conducting trade materials. Technology of the WEDM style is based on the approved EDM sparking wonderment, utilizing the principally accepted non contact technique of furniture removal by the whole of a difference that spark is generated at the wire and field piece gap. Evolution of WEDM made drastic changes in the angle of certainty machining with arch degree of dimensional accuracy and surface finish. In this search, the hand writinged on the wall of electrical boot machining (EDM) parameter one as pulse- on presage (TON) ,Pulse –off time (TOFF) ,Voltage (V) and avant-garde (I) on apparatus removal outlay (MRR) in SiD2 Die hearten was with all the extras .The experiments are carried untrue as by the agency of design of experiments concern by L16 orthogonal assortment .the confirm were analyzed using of variation and big idea graphs .from this raw material .it is hang in suspense the different aggregation of EDM fashion parameter are required to get ahead higher MMR for SiD2 Die steel. Signal to tell tales out of school ratio (S/N) and examination of conversion (ANOVA) is used to held a candle to of the parameter on MRR and besides to identify the optimum hermetically sealed parameter. The confirm from this raw material will be snug as a bug in a rug for trading engineers to select proficient EDM by the number parameters to gadget SiD2 die steel |
Keywords: |
pulse- on time (TON), Pulse –off time (TOFF) ,Voltage (V) and current(I),Metal Removal Rate (MRR), ANOVAs and taguchi method. |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Reduction Stratagems from Waste Sector in India |
Authors: |
Sourabh Manuja, Atul Kumar, Suneel Pandey |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 17 - 26, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
India's population growth, urbanization trends, patterns of income distribution, and increasing industrial production leads to increasing waste generation. Inappropriate waste management results in emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) constituting methane and nitrous oxide, contributing to global warming. IPCC 2006 model estimated GHG emissions from waste sector across India considering a gross domestic product growth rate of 6.5 percent as 70.13 million tones CO2eq in the year 2011, expected to rise 1.60 times by the year 2031. Emission mitigation options for waste sectors including diversion of organic waste from landfills towards treatment options, diversion of wastewater from domestic and commercial sectors towards sewer, and further capturing and utilising methane from landfills and effluent treatment units indicate a potential to lower the emissions to around 78.75 million tonnes CO2eq in year 2031. There is an urgent need to apply appropriate policy, political will, financial resources, capacity building, and indigenous technology to reduce impact of our activities on global warming. This paper has substantial implications for strategy makers and technocrats in formulating policies to reduce global warming. |
Keywords: |
Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases, Solid Waste Management, Policies, Wastewater, |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Physico-chemical characteristics of Activated Carbon prepared from coconut shell |
Authors: |
Dr. Kosha Shah, Amit Parmar |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 27 - 37, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
The wastewaters which come from textile, food, cosmetic, paper industries lead to discharge of dye to natural currents which generates severe environmental issues. Out of the many treatment technologies for dye removal from wastewaters, adsorption method has proven to be an effective technique over the years. Adsorption can be effected on a high surface area adsorbent such as Activated carbon. In this paper, a low cost precursor, coconut shell is used to prepare activated carbon in laboratory. The prepared activated carbon was studied for proximate analysis, iodine number, methylene blue number, and specific surface area. The results of characterization show that the activated carbon prepared from coconut shell has pH = 5.5, moisture content = 2 %, Ash content = 10.7 %, bulk density = 0.5 g/cm3, iodine number = 1227 mg/g, methylene blue number= 249 mg/g, specific surface area = 936 m2/g. The prepared activated carbon from coconut shell shows good adsorbent properties. |
Keywords: |
Adsorption, chemical activation, coconut shell, proximate analysis, thermal activation. |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Design and Implementation of Modified High Speed Vedic Multiplier Using Modified Kogge Stone ADD ER |
Authors: |
Swati Barwal, Vishal Sharma, Jatinder Singh |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 32 - 39, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
The multiplier speed is an essential feature as the multiplier forms an important part of many systems like FIR filters, microprocessors, DSPs etc. The multiplier is slow as compared to other parts of the system hence it is the speed determining factor of the system. An improvement in multiplier speed eventually leads to an improvement in speed of the overall system. The multiplier speed not only depends on the multiplication technique used it also depends on the type of adder employed for the addition of the partial products. The proposed work is based on the vedic multiplication technique and high speed modified Kogge Stone adders have been used. An 8 bit multiplier is realized using modified 4 bit multipliers which intern are realized using modified 2bit vedic multipliers. The design is simulated using Xilinx 14.7 software tool. |
Keywords: |
vedic multiplier, Urdhva-tiryagbhyam sutra , Kogge Stone adder . |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
A Study on Welfare & Safety measures adopted in manufacturing industries – a case study of Thyssenkrupp India Ltd, Hyderabad |
Authors: |
Aamena Zeba, Prof. (Dr). K. Rajanath |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 40 - 48, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
In a fast growing industrialisation, particularly the Indian manufacturing field of activities, welfare and safety measures assume a significant importance. As the market environment is becoming more competitive, retention of employees not only is based on the quantum of salaries, measures deployed by the management of respective enterprises also depends a lot on safety and welfare measures initiated and implemented in the respective organizations to arrest the exodus of employees. It is in this context "A study on Welfare & Safety measures adopted in manufacturing industries – a case study of ThyssenKrupp India Ltd.", was taken up. ThyssenkruppIndia Ltd. Hyderabad (TKII) is one of the subsidiaries of a well-known and established German company has grown over a period of time and became one of the trusted names in the fields of Sugar Plants & Machinery, Cement Plants & Machinery and Industrial Boilers & Power plants etc. |
Keywords: |
Safety, Welfare, Accidents, Manufacturing |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Technical Barrier to Market Driven Growth of Solar Electricity for Rural Areas of India |
Authors: |
Harbans Singh, Harmeet Singh and Parm Pal Singh |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 49 - 60, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
Solar electricity is growing fast during last few years but it is not market driven growth because it is being subsidized by the governments. Solar energy is distributed energy source and solar PV power plants are modular in design. As such solar PV systems can be installed as small distributed captive PV systems of few kWp capacities in or near the premises of the distributed users as well as large utility-scale PV plants of MWp capacities. At present, utility-scale PV power plants are being used to supply solar electricity to concentrated consumers in the cities as well as distributed consumers in villages. In this paper, a new concept of distributed captive PV power plants of few hundred kWp capacities near the villages has been introduced. One such captive PV power plant may be installed near a big village or for cluster of smaller villages. It may be noted that market value of solar electricity from utility-scale PV plant is lower than the market value of solar electricity from distributed captive PV power plants near the villages. An illustration shows that distributed captive PV plants can be installed without subsidies in four regions of India with capacity utilization factor of 17.69% or above. However, utility-scale PV power plants require subsidies in all the six regions of India. Therefore, technical barrier to market driven growth of solar electricity in rural areas is the policy of installing utility-scale PV power plants to supply solar electricity to distributed villages in the rural areas. |
Keywords: |
Distributed captive PV plants, Grid parity, Market driven growth, Rural PV plants, Technical barrier. |
|
Download Full Article |
Title: |
Application of SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) on the Joint of Beam-Columns Cause of Vertical Loads |
Authors: |
Hafiz Hamdani, Ni Nyoman Kencanawati, Akmaluddin |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 61 - 71, Vol 03 - No. 01, 2018 |
Abstract: |
SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) is a self-compacting concrete with a high enough slump. SCC has a high flowability so that it can flow, meet the formwork and solidify by itself. Structural failures that generally occur in the joint of beam-column occur due to weak shear resistance and low ductility. The difficulty of mixing concrete into the joint of section perfectly fills the tensile spacing distance, it's becoming the principal idea of applying SCC concrete to beam-column joints by utilizing high flowability. The specimens used are cylindrical concrete with dimensions of diameter 15 cm; height 30 cm and joint of beam-column with dimensions of 20x20x125 cm for columns; 20x25x100 cm for the beam. Reinforcement tensile used on the beam is 2D13. With a FAS value of 0.44 for SCC and normal concrete, compressive strength was performed; concrete uniformity; and concrete behavior against the vertical force on the joint of beam-column. CTM (Compression Test Machine) used on cylinder concrete, hammer test used on cylinder concrete and joint of beam-column concrete that divided into several test segments, and structural test with frame set with load cell for loading and LVDT to record displacement occurring on the beam when giving the maximum load on the joint of beam-column speciment. From the result of the research, ratio of normal concrete compressive strength to the same FAS value 21% greater than the compressive strength ratio of SCC. The reflected value generated on the joint of beam-column is relatively the same in each segment. Normal concrete has a smaller displacement from SCC that can be seen from normal concrete displacement values that are smaller than SCC (BKN 0.6; 47.42 <BKS 0.6; 70.54). The value of normal concrete strain on equal load is smaller than SCC (BKN 0.6, 0.00139 <BKS 0.6, 0.00268), modulus elasticity of SCC is smaller than normal concrete (28066,37 Mpa <29263,30 Mpa) so that SCC concrete is easier to have extension or shortening. Based on the value of strain on the two types of test on the joint of beam-column that has not reached the maximum value of concrete strain (0.003), then the type of collapse that occurs is over-reinforced. The first experimental crack rate ratios (Pcr) against the theoretical crack loads for the of BKN 0.6 and BKS 0.6; are 1.291 and 0.948; . The ratio of the experimental ultimit moment to the ultimate moment of calculation based on theory for the test of BKN 0.6 and BKS 0.6 are 1.73 and 1.52. |
Keywords: |
scc concrete, CTM test, hammer test, crack load, displacement |
|
Download Full Article |