Title: |
Overview of Sustainable Water Management Policies in Cities in Terms of Preventing Climate Change Impacts: Center/Bilecik-Türkiye Case |
Authors: |
Sevgi AKKOY, Edip AVŞAR |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 01 - 10, Vol 10 - No. 02, 2025 |
Abstract: |
Water is a vital resource for the world and humanity and is an essential issue for sustainable development. According to sustainable development goals, access to water in the required quantity and quality is everyone's most fundamental right. While the water resources in the world cover two-thirds of the globe, the distribution of water resources on the globe varies; due to the climate crisis and pollution, clean water resources are decreasing day by day. The pressure on water resources is increasing day by day with the increase in competition in agriculture, industry and domestic use. The main goal of the study is to ensure sustainable water resources management in Bilecik city center. Within the scope of the study, it aims to determine how the resources will be used more efficiently to meet the rapidly increasing water demand, how the water resources in the city center will be affected by the population growth, how the need for alternative resources and management will be done, and strategies for water recovery and reuse. According to the research conducted, the average daily amount of water drawn per person was calculated as 228 liters. In three major cities, the average amount of water drawn per capita was determined to be 190 liters for Istanbul, 246 liters for Ankara, and 221 liters for Izmir. In this context, the strategies developed and implemented for cities were evaluated specifically for Bilecik (Center). All the city's drinking water is provided by the Karasu Stream. Drinking and utility water network service is provided to 99% of Bilecik's population. (Bilecik Municipality Performance Program, 2023). It was obtained from the interview with Bilecik Municipality officials that the instantaneous water flow rate according to the population in Bilecik (Center) in 2023 was 181 liters. According to the obtained data, Bilecik (Center) remains below the average amount of water drawn per capita. Considering that the population will increase regularly with the increase in industry in the coming years in Bilecik province, there may be a water supply problem in the city soon. Strategic development targets should be determined in order to increase the efficient use of water resources in urban areas and projects that will support them should be implemented. Another important issue in increasing the quality of water resources and reducing water losses is that the water and wastewater infrastructure should be well designed. Therefore, it is envisaged that General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (GDSH), governorships and local governments urgently develop a B plan to prevent a water crisis. |
Keywords: |
Water Efficiency, Water Resources, Sustainable Development, Bilecik |
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DOI: |
10.56581/IJLERA.10.2.01-10 |
Title: |
A Study on the Development and Implementation of Smart Technologies in Care Centers |
Authors: |
Jia-Mei Liu., Yueh-Chi Chang., Yao-Min Fang |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 11 - 18, Vol 10 - No. 02, 2025 |
Abstract: |
This study examines the challenges posed by Taiwan's rapidly aging society. As the post-war baby boomer generation enters their senior years, coupled with advanced medical technology extending life expectancy, Taiwan is facing a significant demographic transformation. By 2025, the population aged 65 and above is projected to exceed 20%, marking Taiwan's entry into a super-aged society; by 2039, this figure will surpass 30%, making Taiwan one of the fastest-aging nations globally. In response to this trend, this study focuses on investigating the physical and mental health needs, safety considerations, and living environments of the elderly, with particular emphasis on the application of smart technology in long-term care. Research objectives include: developing innovative care solutions, reducing care costs, integrating smart systems with architectural design to achieve energy sustainability, and establishing more efficient institutional operational models. Through these research aspects, we aim to construct a long-term care blueprint that meets the needs of Taiwan's super-aged society, promoting successful aging while mitigating the impact of population aging on social development. |
Keywords: |
Aging Society, Long-term Care, Smart Technology |
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Title: |
Cracking Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Fractional Hydraulic Fracturing Cracks |
Authors: |
Xiaowa Wu, Lei Wang, Shuai Shuai Xi, Yi Guo, Jiawei Xie, Jingtao Xie |
Source: |
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 19 - 28, Vol 10 - No. 02, 2025 |
Abstract: |
Gas extraction is the fundamental way to control the gas disaster in coal mine. The segmented hydraulic fracturing technology can effectively solve the problem of stress concentration caused by conventional fracturing by implementing the measures of gas extraction hole and fracturing hole, and achieve the purpose of uniform pressure discharge of coal seam. This paper analyzes the expansion characteristics of small-scale hydraulic fracturing fracture and its penetration mechanism, It is concluded that the expansion of coal seam crack in hydraulic fracturing can be divided into preparation stage, crack generation stage and crack extension stage; The induced stress between the fractures can change the stress field of the formation, To create a stress superposition between the holes, Promote intra-seam steering of inter-hole cracks, When the gas extraction hole is arranged in coordination with the fracturing hole, Can connect the fracturing crack and the extraction hole fracture area, Form a whole pressure relief network; A numerical model of fractional hydraulic fracturing is developed, The extension law of fracturing crack and the change law of coal stress are simulated. The study shows that segmented fracturing can effectively solve the problem of stress concentration after conventional fracturing, to achieve the purpose of uniform pressure discharge of coal seam, but also can make the fracturing crack evenly expanded to both sides, so that the coal in the fracturing area is in a uniform pressure discharge state. |
Keywords: |
extraction drilling; segment fracturing; stress field; hydraulic crac |
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DOI: |
10.56581/IJLERA.10.2.19-28 |